What is the appropriate phrase to clear a pilot for a specific approach?

The phrase "CLEARED APPROACH" is the proper terminology used to inform a pilot that they have been authorized to proceed with a specific approach to an airport. It indicates that air traffic control has reviewed the flight’s parameters and confirmed that the pilot can begin the approach as planned. This clearance is pivotal in ensuring that the approach to landing is conducted safely and efficiently while maintaining proper separation from other aircraft.

The other phrases serve different purposes. "CLEARED DESCENT" would suggest that a pilot can descend to a lower altitude, which does not specifically indicate the authorization for an approach. "CLEARED LANDING" would be used to give a pilot permission to land, but it comes after the approach clearance. "CLEARED TAXI" pertains to movement on the ground rather than flight and would be used when a pilot is authorized to taxi on the airport surface. Each term has a specific context within aviation communication, and "CLEARED APPROACH" precisely fits the scenario of allowing a pilot to commence the approach phase of landing.